On Sunday, an investigation firm
called Guidepost Solutions released a 300-page report recounting a
disturbingly familiar pattern of abuse and cover-up in the Southern
Baptist Convention, the mostly white, evangelical Protestant
denomination that accounts for over 5% of the adult population of the
US. The report, which includes numerous examples of sexual abuse in SBC
churches, notes that “senior SBC leaders appeared to excuse abuse and/or
support accused abusers… while at the same time survivors were ignored
or treated poorly.”
To put it mildly, we were not surprised. Nearly four years ago to the day, an RD headline read: “SBC’s #MeToo Problem isn’t a Rotten Apple, It’s a Rotten Tree.”
In addition to its handling of
individual cases, the report is also highly critical of the SBC
Executive Committee’s failure to adopt relatively modest reforms over a
twenty-year period, concluding that “very little was done to address
sexual abuse within SBC churches.” And, according to the Washington Post:
Evidence in the report suggests leaders also lied to
Southern Baptists over whether they could maintain a database of
offenders to prevent more abuse when top leaders were secretly keeping a
private list for years.
As the report says, “the primary
focus was on avoiding the risk of legal liability, sometimes to the
exclusion of all other considerations.”
Bringing these shocking misdeeds into
the light may be a good first step, but what’s next? How do we—or
they—ensure that it won’t happen again?
The truth is, while a report like
this one may be excellent at demonstrating the existence of a problem,
and even at showing us why the problem persisted, that doesn’t make it
diagnostic. If it doesn’t tell us why the problem arose in the first
place, it doesn’t provide the best chance to address it effectively.
Below, RD Senior Correspondent Chrissy Stroop and contributor Jessica
Johnson discuss the SBC’s scandalous failure in ways the report doesn’t—isn’t, in fact, designed to—highlighting some of the ways in which the problem has been hiding in plain sight, and even connecting it to other violent products of a Christian nationalism growing in power.
***
Chrissy Stroop: So, Jessica,
did anything in the new Guidepost Solutions report about the scale of
sexual abuse and cover-up in the Southern Baptist Convention over the
last couple of decades surprise you? I’ve been writing about this topic since the first big abuse story broke in 2019, when the Houston Chronicle and San Antonio Express-News released their investigation documenting 700 victims of sexual abuse over a 20-year period. At that time, I published a piece for Playboy called,
“Why the Southern Baptists Won’t Solve their Abuse Problem,” so, as you
might guess, I’m not surprised the scale of that problem turned out to
be as massive as it was. As I wrote then:
“Evangelical subculture
is pervasively authoritarian, and any time an arbitrary social hierarchy
is imposed and defended, violence follows. Authoritarianism is
inherently abusive, and where it reigns, abuse—physical, sexual,
emotional and spiritual—will be pervasive.”
Of course, the particular hierarchy
imposed by the SBC and many other evangelical churches is explicitly
patriarchal. In the SBC, belief in “male headship” and “complementarianism”—that
God created men and women to fulfill distinct and “complementary”
roles, and that women’s role is submissive—is non-negotiable.
When only men are empowered within an institution, clearly, women and children are going to suffer. To borrow a turn of phrase, it’s the theology, stupid.
And so long as the SBC’s leadership is unwilling to revisit these
doctrines, as I predicted in 2019, it will never solve its abuse
problem. Would you agree?
Jessica Johnson: I concur with
your assessment, Chrissy. I was unsurprised by the report’s findings,
but also by the fact that theology is unexplored in Guidepost’s “key solutions.”
While I appreciate the comprehensiveness of the report, Guidepost Solutions advertises itself as an investigative body that “protect[s] facilities” (and provides crisis management),
so it shouldn’t be terribly surprising that I found their suggestions
for systemic improvement wanting. For example, “Create and maintain an
Offender Information System to alert the community to known offenders.
Make the OIS available to churches on a voluntary basis.” Given the
scope of their findings, it seems the OIS should be mandatory, not
voluntary, and available to anyone considering membership in an SBC
church.
In my ethnographic research on Mars Hill Church,
complementarianism—thank you for breaking it down so well—is the
foundation for the kind of systemic sexual abuse we see evinced in the
report. So is purity culture,
the confinement of sexuality within heterosexual, Christian marriage.
Women are expected to be submissive to their husbands at home and in the
bedroom, according to the ways in which complementarianism and purity
culture operate in tandem.
Unfortunately, it’s all too easy to
see how damaging these teachings can be when men are considered the
“heads” at church, too. Women are trained to submit to male leadership,
no matter how harmful, in the church, workplace, and home, making it
easy for them to be sexually exploited by men who abuse their power over
them in these spaces. Female sexuality is severely regulated, and women
are often blamed for “tempting” men who simply cannot help themselves,
which comes up in the report.
But, I think we can also see how the
findings of large-scale sexual abuse are structural in other ways that
intersect with the SBC’s history of racism and endorsement of white supremacy; its “anti-CRT” stance; its stance against LGBTQ rights (which sadly includes a strong opposition to recognizing hate crimes against LGBTQ identified people); and its stance on “abolishing abortion”
(which is just another way to regulate women’s bodily autonomy and
sexuality). All of these issues are intersectional (to use a critical
race theory term maligned by the SBC that’s actually quite useful in
this case), or interlocking. You need to address them holistically.
What do you think would be a good next step for the SBC, or members within SBC churches, Chrissy?
CS: Some of the
recommendations in the report are good, but I’m with you on it not going
far enough, Jessica. The suggestion that SBC structures stop using
non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) in connection with sexual misconduct
settlements (unless requested by the victims) is a good one—it’s also
currently the law in the state of California, and I wish we’d make it
the law nationwide.
I’m not quite sure what the
recommendation that the OIS be made available to churches “voluntarily”
means, and I personally feel that it should be available to everyone,
including the laity and the general public. The notion that individual
SBC churches might become the gatekeepers to access to this database
doesn’t exactly inspire confidence.
Meanwhile, it’s hard to disagree that
“enhanced background checks” would be a good thing—but it’s
unfortunate, to say the least, that this recommendation is still needed.
I highly doubt that the use of “Letters of Good Standing” and the
adoption of new “Codes of Conduct” (why either term is capitalized in
the report is a mystery to me) will have much impact. Under the white
supremacist patriarchy that still shapes so much of the American
experience—not least in the SBC and similar churches—predatory white men
will always be able to find people willing to attest to their “good
character.” I’m reminded of Supreme Court “Justice” Brett Kavanaugh’s confirmation hearings in this connection.
And you don’t change a culture
overnight like the one created by the SBC after its 1970s-1990s
fundamentalist takeover—particularly when you refuse to consider how the
theology that shapes that culture is of a piece with the protection of
white male leaders over all “others”—women, children, people of color,
and queer people, as you note. I don’t see any serious stakeholders in
the SBC willing to consider how patriarchal theology and attitudes are
the root of the abuse problem.
After all, both major architects of
the power grab and purge of moderate and liberal actors from SBC
institutions that SBC partisans euphemistically call “the conservative
resurgence”—Paul Presser and Paige Patterson—now stand credibly accused
of sexual misconduct and cover-up. And this was known before
the new report dropped. It seems to me that leaders pursuing a politics
of moral panic are certain to be power-hungry, and almost certain to be
hiding something. Moore still doesn’t see the connection, or pretends he doesn’t, and certainly no influential figure who remains in the SBC is about to admit it exists.
Guidepost’s suggested reforms, if
they are implemented, may help to mitigate abuse to a certain degree,
but I’m confident that pervasive abuse and coverups will persist. We’ll
have to wait for the SBC’s annual meeting, happening in Anaheim,
California in mid-June, to find out which reforms they adopt and how
exactly they decide to implement them. Of course, only men can vote on
SBC resolutions.
JJ: Exactly. For a corporate
body that seems to revel in lengthy “resolutions” about so-called
“secular” issues (as I noted above), the SBC’s 2021 resolution
“On Abuse and Pastoral Qualifications” is remarkably short. Thanks for
looping in white men of “good character,” those who can separate
themselves from “evil” one way or another, through their own testimony
or that of others speaking on their behalf.
When I was reading Russell Moore’s response to the Guidepost report in CT, I was struck by the headline, “This Is the Southern Baptist Apocalypse.” The subheading reads: “The abuse investigation has uncovered more evil than even I
imagined” (emphasis added). He continues in the opening lines, “They
were right. I was wrong to call sexual abuse in the Southern Baptist
Convention (SBC) a crisis. Crisis is too small a word. It is an apocalypse” (author’s emphasis).
While I understand the logic of his
distancing himself from the report’s findings, and the use of
theological lexicon like “evil” or “apocalypse,” as I read it I found
myself critical of the use of this language because what he’s actually
responding to are the actions of white men—not deities, not Satan—and
they’re not surprising given white Christian patriarchy and the way it
subjugates “others,” as we’ve both noted. He’s been privy and party to
that subjugation himself, as you’ve noted. He’s profited from that
complementarian system.
Also, as we both are alluding to,
there may not be much substantive change after all is said and done
despite the report’s findings, which hardly warrants an “apocalypse.”
It’s an indirect way of saving face for the SBC itself, in light of all
the abuse uncovered. An apocalypse would mean destruction (and
potentially, resurrection). We’re not there yet. Not even close.
It’s like, our [Christian] way of
doing “it,” no matter how wrong or harmful, is still more redeemed
somehow, so therefore we don’t need to regulate who leads our churches,
or how people decide whether or not this church is “safe” for them.
“Evil” is individualized through sin. So long as “bad apples” are
excised, we’ll be ok; so monitoring systems like the OIS are seen as
part of the solution, when the root cause runs far deeper.
Systems in place—be they theological,
institutional, cultural—are somehow more “pure” when they’re Christian,
even when they subject people within “the flock” to spiritual,
emotional, financial, and/or sexual abuse. And especially so when they
subject non-white, non-“masculine,” non-cisgender, non-heterosexual,
non-Christian, people to harm.
I think that unless Christians
(whether “conservative” or “progressive”) start to act like they aren’t
that special after all, that they actually are both in and of
the world, nothing will change for the better in the SBC or otherwise
(e.g., when it comes to voting for the likes of Trump or his minions
within the GOP).
With that, I don’t understand why
more Christians who oppose Christian patriarchy or sexual abuse within
churches don’t start to speak out against extremist laws against women seeking abortions (with no exceptions for rape or incest). In some states, rapists will have more rights than survivors seeking abortions.
No matter how amorphous the belief
system, this vague notion of “Christian nationalism” based on “Christian
values” still upholds white heteropatriarchal supremacy, with the
potential to do violence inside and outside of churches. I’m worried
about these amplifications in the kind of theological language that
Moore uses in his piece, even if that’s not his intent there. Does that
make sense?
CS: Mapping concepts like
“apocalypse” and a battle of “good vs. evil” onto secular events,
including politics, is certainly a dangerous thing, and I say this as
someone who was raised and educated through high school in a Christian
nationalist environment. Abortion was a “holocaust” we were “called” to
stop, the Rapture was always just around the corner, and “spiritual warfare” was happening all around us.
I can see why Moore might use the
rhetoric of “apocalypse” for an internal critique of the SBC’s practice
of Christianity, and on some level I appreciate his candor—though
obviously not his advocacy of what amounts to “benevolent sexism” on
theological grounds. Moore’s refusal to consider that some of his
theology is toxic leaves in place the Christian supremacist understanding that “real” Christians—socially conservative Christians—are better
than “secular” people. That sense may coexist uneasily with his
rhetoric about “evil” within the SBC, but it’s clearly still there.
-
According to an independent investigation
released Sunday, leaders of the Southern Baptist Convention ignored,
denied, and were hostile to victims of sexual abuse for decades. [Washington Post / Sarah Pulliam Bailey]
-
The nearly 300-page report, commissioned amid pressure from church members, details abuse of women and children by SBC pastors and staff since 2000. [New York Times / Ruth Graham and Elizabeth Dias]
- According
to the report, executive leadership lied to survivors, telling them
they lacked the authority to keep a registry of abusers. In reality, the
leaders held a private list of more than 400 abusers with ties to SBC. [Atlantic / David French]
- At a
meeting Tuesday, SBC leadership said it would release its database of
abusers to the public with redactions to protect victims’ identities. [Houston Chronicle / Robert Downen and John Tedesco]
-
The findings follow a 2019 investigation
by the Houston Chronicle and San Antonio Express News that found SBC
leaders had abused at least 700 people over 20 years. [Houston Chronicle / Robert Downen, Lise Olsen, John Tedesco]
-
SBC delegates will meet next month to
discuss the report and its recommendations, including providing support
and compensation for victims. [CNN / Joe Sutton, Keith Allen, and Emma Tucker]
https://religiondispatches.org/its-the-theology-stupid-why-the-shocking-sbc-report-is-anything-but-surprising/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=its-the-theology-stupid-why-the-shocking-sbc-report-is-anything-but-surprising&utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=its-the-theology-stupid-why-the-shocking-sbc-report-is-anything-but-surprising
