SIGNATORIES: SHMUEL KAMINETSKY - MALKIEL KOTLER - MATTISYAHU SALOMON |
R.B. reached out to Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetzky, founder and dean of the Talmudical Academy of Philadelphia, whose wife, Temi, speaks out against vaccinating children. The rabbi wrote a letter on R.B.’s behalf, leading to her son’s principal relenting and apologizing.
When reached by phone, both Kamenetzkys confirmed their belief that vaccinations, not the diseases they prevent, are harmful.
“There is a doctor in Chicago who doesn’t vaccinate any of his patients and they have no problem at all,” said the rabbi.
“I see vaccinations as the problem. It’s a hoax. Even the Salk vaccine [against polio] is a hoax. It is just big business.”
“What about the people who clean and sweep in the school?” argued Kamenetzky. “They are mostly Mexican and are unvaccinated. If there was a problem, the children would already have gotten sick.”
Will Israel end child subsidies for anti-vaxxers?
The Israeli government is considering penalizing parents who refuse to vaccinate their children |
Unless, that is, you don’t vaccinate your children.
According to a clause in the coalition agreement signed
last month by the ruling Likud party and the haredi Orthodox United
Torah Judaism party, Israel will not provide child allowances to
families that refuse to vaccinate their children. Should the Likud-led
coalition enact the clause as part of next year’s government budget, it
would be a harsh penalty for so-called “anti-vaxxers.”
A 2014 State Comptroller’s report said that as of 2010 up to 10 percent of Israel’s children have “anti-vaxxer” parents. Those parents, according to a 2011 University of Haifa study, come largely from haredi and low-income populations, as well as from Israel’s upper class. In addition, according to Arab-Israeli
legal rights group Adalah, vaccination rates are low among Bedouin
Israelis due to lack of access to health services.
“There’s a phenomenon that people don’t
vaccinate their kids,” said Yaakov Isaac, spokesman for Deputy Health
Minister Yaakov Litzman, who will set criteria for which parents will
qualify for subsidies. “There are people — Bedouins, extremist haredim
— who don’t trust the health system.”
Fears that vaccines are linked to
autism — such connections have been debunked by the scientific research —
are cited less frequently in Israel than they are in the United States.
Those who support the clause say it’s a
necessary public health measure, aimed at forcing the hand of those who
refuse to vaccinate their children. A Likud spokesman did not return
calls seeking comment on the party’s support of linking vaccinations to
child subsidies.
The clause is the latest in a string of
government attempts to use child subsidies to influence citizens’
behaviors and shape the contours of Israeli society.
Haredi Orthodox parties support high
subsidies because they enable large families, typical of those parties’
constituents, to make ends meet. Secularist parties, by contrast, see
high subsidies as a counterproductive entitlement that allows parents
with many children to avoid working.
“Throughout the years [child subsidies]
became a bargaining chip in coalition agreements,” said Noam Gruber, a
senior researcher at the Shoresh Institute, a think tank focused on
socioeconomic issues. “When you give a high child subsidy, it becomes
normative that a woman will stay home and have children. That blocks the
path to education and work.”
Introduced in 1959, the subsidies got
higher as families grew larger. Until recently, the payments worked on a
progressive scale, so that parents received a larger per-child subsidy
for each subsequent child. A 2001 law penned
by a UTJ lawmaker gave a family with one child approximately $40 per
month, while a family with five children received about $600 per month
— including a $200 addition for the fifth child.
Facing an economic crisis in 2003, then-Finance Minister Benjamin Netanyahu cut the
total subsidy budget by 40 percent. Ten years later, then-Finance
Minister Yair Lapid cut the subsidies again as an incentive for haredi
men — many of whom studied Torah all day — to join the labor force.
Lapid’s cuts, which are currently in place, replaced the progressive payment scale with a flat scale. Families receive approximately $36 per month per child, no matter how many children they have.
After payments began in 1959, the number
of large families ballooned. In 1960, there were fewer than 40,000
Israeli families with four or more children. By 1975, that number had nearly tripled to 111,000.
“These families support themselves with
subsidies,” Mickey Levy, Lapid’s deputy finance minister from 2013 to
2014, told JTA. “We addressed this issue to integrate these people in
the labor force. When we were in exile in Poland, we didn’t sit and
learn Torah all day. We worked and we learned Torah.”
The subsidies are one of several Israeli
pro-natal policies, enacted in part to maintain a Jewish majority in
Israel and replenish Jewish numbers following the Holocaust, Gruber
said. Alongside the subsidies, the government provides three months of
paid maternity leave and safeguards against firing pregnant women.
“We feel we need a higher birth rate,”
Gruber said. “We don’t want to be in the situation of Western Europe and
Japan, of a population that’s getting smaller. In the context of the
Jewish nation, we want numbers.”
Now, with Lapid’s Yesh Atid party out of
the governing coalition, and haredi parties back in, subsidies are set
to rise again. The Likud-UTJ agreement includes a rollback of Lapid’s
cuts, which UTJ spokesman Yair Eiserman said is part of a package of
reforms to help poor Israelis — including, for example, free dental care
for children.
“We wanted there to be a social change,”
he said. “The last government hurt the weaker classes and the middle
class. There were dramatic blows to national insurance, welfare. We saw
to it to change the situation, to guide budgets to the weaker classes so
they won’t collapse under the economic burden.”
Critics of the anti-vaxxer clause say it will hurt poor families. According to the 2014 State Comptroller’s report,
as of 2010, the number of unvaccinated children had been growing, many
from haredi or Bedouin families who refused vaccines either because of
misinformation or an ideological opposition to vaccination. While Jewish
Israelis, on average, had fewer than three children per family
according to a 2009 Central Bureau of Statistics report, Arab Israelis had an average of 3.62 and haredi Israelis 6.53.
“We cannot agree to a precedent that
hurts children due to actions of their parents that the state does not
like,” Yizhak Kadman, executive director of the Israel National Council
for the Child, wrote in an email to JTA. “Cutting the child subsidies
will unnecessarily hurt poor families and weak populations that are
sometimes excluded from health services.”
Activists for Arab-Israeli rights also
support high subsidies due to the above-average Arab-Israeli birthrate,
as well as the community’s high rates of poverty. Eyad Snunu, chief
economist for Arab-Israeli advocacy group Mossawa, told JTA the
government should invest in Arab communities if it wants to increase
labor force participation — not cut subsidies.
“The statistics show that immediate
cancellation of the subsidies, without preparing the ground for
employment training, only deepens poverty,” Snunu said.
Gruber sees high child subsidies as an
unsustainable burden on taxpayers. But those attempting to cut the
payments, he said, should learn from previous cuts, which proved
debilitating for poor families.
“They cut a lot of money from the
subsidies and pushed families into real poverty,” he said. “On the other
hand, there wasn’t enough emphasis on giving them the tools to enter
the work force.”
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