Could singing spread Covid-19?
If silence is golden, speech is silver – and singing the worst.
Singing doesn’t need to be silenced, however, but at the moment the wisest thing is to sing with social distancing in place. The advice comes from aerosol researchers at Lund University in Sweden. They have studied the amount of particles we actually emit when we sing – and by extension – if we contribute to the increased spread of Covid-19 by singing.
Aerosols are small airborne particles. To get a better understanding of the amount of aerosols and virus particles we actually emit when we sing, 12 healthy singers and two people with confirmed Covid-19 took part in a research project. Seven of the participants were professional opera singers.
The study shows that singing – particularly loud and consonant-rich singing – spreads a lot of aerosol particles and droplets into the surrounding air.
“Some droplets are so large that they only move a few decimetres from the mouth before they fall, whereas others are smaller and may continue to hover for minutes. In particular, the enunciation of consonants releases very large droplets and the letters B and P stand out as the biggest aerosol spreaders”, says Malin Alsved, doctoral student of Aerosol Technology at Lund University.
During the research experiments at Lund University’s Aerosol Laboratory, the singers had to wear clean air suits and enter a specially built chamber supplied with filtered, particle-free air. In the chamber, analysis was conducted of the number and mass of particles emitted by singers during breathing, talking, different types of singing and singing with a face mask.
What they sang was a short and plosive-rich Swedish song, “Bibbis pippi Petter”, which was repeated 12 times in two minutes at constant pitch. The same song was also repeated with the consonants removed, leaving only the vowels. During the song tests, aerosols and larger droplets were measured using strong lamps, a high-speed camera and an instrument that can measure very small particles. The louder and more powerful the song, the greater the concentration of aerosols and droplets.
“We also carried out measurements of virus in the air close to two people who sang when they had Covid-19. Their air samples contained no detectable amount of virus, but the viral load can vary in different parts of the airways and between different people. Accordingly, aerosols from a person with Covid-19 may still entail a risk of infection when singing”, says Malin Alsved.
During the tests, the singers sang into a funnel. The arosol
particles were measured at the other end of the funnel.
“When the singers were wearing a simple face mask this caught most of the aerosols and droplets and the levels were comparable with ordinary speech”, says Jakob Löndahl.
“Singing does not need to be silenced, but presently it should be done with appropriate measures to reduce the risk of spreading infection”, says Jakob Löndahl.
Publication in Aerosol Science and Technology: Exhaled respiratory particles during singing and talking
SEE THE VIDEO ANIMATION:
https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/article/could-singing-spread-covid-19?fbclid=IwAR0mhdt3aha_DRxEEYVccSaCelSJtBqHSyTL3JVpvWx6NpAxRS6TU4JGL1A
21 comments:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xc9OnGw1zHw
Figarrro! Figarro!
A recent study reported in the journal Climatic Change shows banks are liberally extending loans on what they know to be environmentally threatened homes which they then quickly pass along to federal mortgage backers. At the same time, these banks have stopped lending for high-end properties worth too much for the government to accept. This suggests the banks are purposely passing liabilities along as stranded assets for taxpayers to bail out.
It's never rang more true that mortgages are under water.
Margo, you classless ferd! You wouldn't know operatic if it hit you in the face. You were always too karg to buy your way into the Lincoln Center. Even when your fellow molester cover upper Lookstein offered to let you into his private box for free, you wouldn't cough up the cover charge at the door.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgK4q4D79rc
here's the real McCoy starting at one & a half minutes into the clip
Jacobson, look who's talking!
You think while you make your filthy blood money & sat for years with a shpitzy necktie at R' Sruly Reisman's moderner Fresser shul it makes you any better?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTk79LAd0eM
While your taste in song may be a notch up from Margo at the bottom of the barrel, you don't know what the real McCoy is either.
Say what you want to shtoch me about the hedge fund fiasco because it was Shafran's pal Bernie who squandered the gelt beyodayim.
(I'll let you in on a little secret with Haskel the Rascal Lookstein. He used to not wear a yarmulka to the opera beshita, until his daughter yelled at him that his behavior is a bizayon.)
https://montreal.citynews.ca/2020/09/16/rabbi-warns-jewish-community-dangers-covid19/
A Montreal rabbi is imploring the city’s Jewish community take health recommendations seriously after a COVID outbreak was traced back to a bar mitzvah.
Eleven high school students & one staff member from Montreal Herzliah High School tested positive for COVID this week after students attended a bar mitzvah the week before.
It is considered the largest school outbreak in Quebec.
“It’s not only putting yourself & your families at risk,” warns Rabbi Yisroel Bernath of Rohr Chabad. “It’s putting schools at risk, all our children, our community at risk & it’s not worth it.
“One thing we can all learn as a community from this, it’s about protecting all of us. We have to be vigilant.”
On Sept. 11, health officials held a screening clinic at Herzliah following the bar mitzvah. Students from several classes & their families were tested for COVID & sent home.
Five homerooms remain in quarantine.
“It’s really important for the community to take this seriously,” added Bernath. “I myself had COVID. It was very difficult. I was completely out of commission for 6 weeks.”
In a statement to CityNews, Azrieli Talmud Torah Schools / Herzliah said the school “is working in close collaboration with Quebec public health and following their directives to manage the situation."
Canada's health minister Patty Hajdu said she could not rule out another full lockdown if needed amid a surge in new cases of the virus than during the first wave.
Canada reported 1,351 new cases on September 14, the highest single daily addition since May 1, amid school reopenings and flare-ups tied to group gatherings.
"We see those numbers rising, but a full economic shutdown would be very difficult for this country. Not to rule it out, because we will protect the health of Canadians and we will do what it takes," Hajdu told reporters on Tuesday.
Canada's 10 provinces are responsible for introducing health restrictions, though the federal government could use emergency laws to impose a lockdown if deemed necessary.
https://jewishchronicle.timesofisrael.com/amid-increasing-covid-alarm-packed-services-at-chabads-brooklyn-headquarters/
What's this world coming to when the Chabadskers start copying the same deadly misbehavior as their arch-enemies in Philly?
https://jewishchronicle.timesofisrael.com/why-trump-wont-get-this-orthodox-vote-he-isnt-good-for-the-jews-or-judaism/
Did the idyot get his 5 minutes of fame yet that he can move on?
https://www.timesofisrael.com/hasidic-pilgrims-at-ukraine-border-refuse-to-return-despite-israels-plea/
Check out the video
On Thursday, Hebrew media reported that 30 Hasidim seeking to travel to Uman were refused entry into Moldova after traveling there via Turkey.
The Ynet news site said the pilgrims are set to be expelled back to Turkey under police escort, after scuffles broke out at the airport when the group was informed they would not be allowed into the country. The Hasidim told Ynet they had been held at the airport for 12 hours, with their passports and luggage confiscated.
Speaking to AFP from the Ukrainian-Belarusian border, one of ultra-Orthodox pilgrims, Itsik Cohen, said the believers were hoping for divine intervention.
https://static.timesofisrael.com/www/uploads/2020/09/AP_20259667173466.jpg
Margo, I never put two & two together before that you were the inspiration for the Porky Pig character!
Sept. 9, 1:30 p.m. The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, where the number of students with COVID-19 has almost tripled this month, to 612, told students in one of its residence halls Wednesday that they would have to move out
Sept. 9, 6:19 a.m. Florida State University is seeing an increase in the number of students testing positive for the coronavirus, The Tallahassee Democrat reported. More than 700 students tested positive last week.
https://udayton.edu/coronavirus/case_dashboard.php
The University of Dayton announced this afternoon on its COVID-19 dashboard that the cumulative number of positive cases among students on campus has reached 1,224
https://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/featured/1902714/health-dept-gives-cease-warns-of-criminal-charges.html
Another bad midah of Agudah Fressers is they are lazy
https://monsey.info/jewish-news/704470/new-york-state-provides-guidelines-for-tishrei/
My brother even has to do their job for them
Where's Shafran? Get a muzzle on this guy!
https://ajn.timesofisrael.com/a-jewish-covid-patients-plea/
Our boy Down Under is talking too much!
Scratch the muzzle actually in case anyone thinks we're advocating masks. Sedate him!
https://ajn.timesofisrael.com/a-victory-for-justice/
Malka Leifer still entitled to not one, but two more appeals to Israel's Supreme Court. One for the last court decision & another for the Justice Minister signing her extradition order.
How many more years of stalling is that good for?
Contrary to popular belief, it is not the Shvartzas who have Chicago's highest infection rates, it is unzerra Agudah Fressers!
https://blockclubchicago.org/2020/04/09/west-ridges-coronavirus-cluster-challenges-religious-communities-the-impact-has-been-significant/
Chicago’s Orthodox community was hit particularly hard at the beginning of the pandemic. The Zip code for West Ridge, a neighborhood that is home to a large Orthodox community, had the highest number of COVID cases in the state of Illinois
https://hudsonvalleypost.com/photos-thousands-gather-in-hudson-valley-without-masks/
Mamash beautiful!
https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/09/17/rosh-hashanah-covid-19-pandemic/
Jews can’t gather as usual for Rosh Hashanah — and stay safe from covid-19
Rosh Hashanah begins Friday night, but observance will be complicated by the pandemic.
By Laura Adkins
September 17, 2020
This High Holiday season, Jewish congregations are taking meticulous steps to lower risk that in-person gatherings will spread covid.
But after speaking to public health experts, I’m not confident it'll be enough.
Gary Slutkin, a physician & epidemiologist formerly with the World Health Org, told me he sees “no legitimate reason for any in-person service … you cannot protect yourself enough.”
The Orthodox Jewish community, especially in NY-NJ, was hit hard by the virus. After months of watching my community suffer, I wish those considering coming together this holiday season — particularly indoors — would learn from our tragedies & avoid repeating our mistakes.
It’s hard to overstate the importance of community & the synagogue in Jewish life: In normal times, men pray together 3x a day. On Shabbat & holidays, families share boisterous meals in other’s homes. We bring food when someone has a child or loses a relative; we have “gemachs” that lend out everything from wedding dresses to soup tureens. It’s not uncommon to have 400+ people at a wedding.
Because we’re tightknit, the epidemic has been devastating. The earliest covid cases were in Modern Orthodox New Rochelle. Because of the interconnected nature of our community, the virus quickly spread to NYC & Teaneck, then Lakewood, Monsey, Kiryas Joel & other Orthodox populations.
Though Jewish groups urged precautions, the holiday of Purim became a superspreader event.
Haredi publications were filled with obits of 1000s who died of covid, including leading rabbis of our generation.
But by now, much of the Orthodox community has slipped into complacency, acting as though we have herd immunity. At enormous weddings & funerals, most people simply started taking fewer precautions. Still, even NYC is far from the level needed to achieve herd immunity, making these decisions unwise.
The idea we’re past the pandemic is dangerous, Slutkin said: Just because someone has antibodies doesn’t mean they can’t hold virus particles in their nose or lungs to pass on to someone else.
As hard as it may be to limit coming together, the Jewish community can’t allow massive spread of covid to become the legacy of this holiday season.
Experts I spoke to worry less about outdoor services & more about casual mixing afterward, when congregants gather without masks to chat.
Indoor services are even more dangerous. Slutkin said virus particles linger in indoor air. If your mask isn’t tight & worn perfectly — few are — “you’re taking in the air of the room,” he said. “And how infectious the air is depends on everybody else’s mask.”
As reported in the Atlantic, speaking loudly or singing is particularly dangerous. High Holiday services, which are longer than Saturday services, only increase risk.
I am signed up for an outdoor service at my Orthodox shul in the NJ suburbs. Because of safety protocols in place, I'm not concerned I'll catch something. But I am concerned about long, lingering conversations in the street that are a hallmark of our communities, meals among friends & family who’ve come in from other cities.
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